Anyone with a passing interest in the cannabis world needs to know what terpenes are and what benefits they bring to the Cannabis sativa plant.
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are aromatic organic compounds found in a wide variety of plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the unique aromas of each strain, and also influence the overall cannabis experience depending on whether the variety is sativa, indica, or hybrid.
From a chemical standpoint, terpenes are derived from mevalonic acid, though they are built from units of isoprene, a five-carbon hydrocarbon. When chemically modified — for example, through oxidation — they become terpenoids, a class of compounds known for applications such as retinol, a key ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics.
This combination of chemical and sensory functions makes terpenes an essential element for understanding both the aroma and the unique effects of each cannabis plant.
Terpene Classification: A Closer Look
Terpenes are versatile compounds that offer far more than pleasant aromas and flavors. Their potential to contribute to well-being has sparked great interest, especially in CBD-derived products. Each terpene has a unique identity, with specific properties and uses that could influence the user experience. Below, we explore the most common terpenes and their main characteristics.
Alpha-pinene:
Alpha-pinene is one of the most common terpenes in CBD flowers and in nature, standing out for its fresh, forest-like aroma. In Japan, people practice “forest bathing,” also known as Shinrin-yoku, an activity where people walk among trees rich in alpha-pinene, such as pines, to reduce stress and lift their mood.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 155 °C |
| Aromas | Imagine the pure forest air just after rain: fresh, sharp, and full of life. |
| Also found in | Pine trees, rosemary, sage |
Myrcene:
Myrcene is one of the most common terpenes in CBD flowers and is noted for its aroma that promotes a state of relaxation. The first hemp varieties with high CBD content, used in the production of full-spectrum oils, contained significant levels of myrcene. It is associated with calming properties that, combined with CBD, could enhance an experience of physical and mental well-being.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 167 °C |
| Aromas | Earthy and musky, like damp soil after a summer storm. |
| Also found in | Citrus fruits, citronella, eucalyptus, bay leaves, hops, mango, thyme. |
Limonene:
Limonene is pure energy in a bottle. Its vibrant, citrusy aroma instantly lifts the spirits, offering a refreshing experience that revitalizes body and mind. Perfect for starting the day on a positive note.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 176 °C |
| Aromas | A citrus burst reminiscent of fresh lemon and orange peel in the sun. |
| Also found in | Lemon and orange peel, mint, and other citrus rinds. |
Beta-caryophyllene:
Beta-caryophyllene stands out as a terpene combining a spicy and woody profile. Its presence in spices such as black pepper and clove reinforces its warm and robust character. It is known for its ability to offer support during moments of physical discomfort or stress, and is found in abundance in herbs like basil, traditionally used for emotional balance. Studies suggest it could help reduce inflammatory sensations.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 160 °C |
| Aromas | Intense and spicy, with notes of exotic wood and a hint of black pepper. |
| Also found in | Black pepper, clove, hops, wood. |
Linalool
Linalool is a terpene known for its versatility and delicacy, recognized mainly for its presence in lavender. This terpene not only provides a sweet, floral aroma, but is also widely used in topical products for its ability to soothe the skin and promote relaxation.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 198 °C |
| Aromas | Sweet and floral, like a freshly cut lavender bouquet on a summer afternoon. |
| Also found in | Lavender, citrus fruits, bay laurel, birch. |
Humulene
Humulene is a fascinating terpene, recognized for its deeply earthy and woody aromatic profile. It is noted for its possible ability to help moderate appetite, making it a very useful component for people who may experience increased appetite due to alternative medical treatments such as medicinal cannabis.
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 198 °C |
| Aromas | Deeply earthy, with a dry touch reminiscent of freshly cut wood. |
| Also found in | Hops, coriander. |
What is the purpose of terpenes?
Terpenes serve an essential function in plants, acting not only as the source of their color and aroma, but also as a natural defense system against various external factors. These versatile molecules play a key role in the protection and survival of plants, standing out for two main objectives:
-
Defense against pests and insects:
They act as natural repellents by producing bitter compounds that deter predators such as insects and herbivorous animals. In addition, some terpenes attract beneficial pollinators, such as bees, to favor reproduction. -
Protection against heat:
When temperatures rise, plants synthesize more terpenes, which when they evaporate generate air currents that cool the surface and prevent desiccation.
Terpenes in indicas: A relaxation experience
Indica varieties tend to contain terpenes such as myrcene, linalool, and caryophyllene, which are associated with relaxing aromas. These properties make indicas popular for nighttime aromatherapy, helping to reduce stress and promote sleep.
Terpenes in sativas: energy and creativity
On the other hand, sativa varieties are usually associated with terpenes such as limonene and pinene, which are linked to energizing and stimulating aromas. These strains are ideal for daytime moments or creative activities.
CBD flowers and oils
High-quality CBD flowers and cannabis oils contain terpenes, essential compounds that not only contribute aroma but also ensure the maximum purity and effectiveness of the product. Coming from the Cannabis sativa plant, terpenes act as a natural shield that protects against pests, fungi, and other external factors, thus preserving all the properties of CBD. Both our CBD flowers and our oils are carefully selected to guarantee a superior experience backed by the science of terpenes.
Bibliography and Digital Sources
- Russo, E. B. (2011). Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), 1344–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x
- Ab Hanna (2018) What are Terpenes. https://hightimes.com/guides/what-are-terpenes/
- The CBD Bible “How to Transform Your Body and Improve Your Health with Medicinal Cannabis” – Dr. Dani Gordon
| Pablo Ruiz Professional Copywriter. |
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